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The Magic Without

/ Old Ways Witchery / Leave a comment

Those who walk the path of witchcraft must form a bond with the elements of Earth, Air, Fire and Water. By understanding these forces of Nature, and interacting with them, our own abilities are strengthened and we become more attuned to the world around us. It is important that we increase our awareness of what is happening in Nature around us at all times. We take many things for granted. Start paying more attention to what is happening in the sky above, on the ground below, and in the waters around you. There is much wisdom to be found there. Watch the flock of geese in the winter sky, observe the wildlife in the forest or in your own backyard, gaze at the glowing embers of wood as they burn in a fireplace, sit beside a stream and listen as the water flows over rocks and fallen branches. All of these things have magic in them, and hidden wisdom for us to receive, if we will only listen. The hills and forests, the wind that caresses our skin, the flame of a candle and the rushing stream all have their own unique energies that we can tap into. We ourselves contain these elements inside us. Earth is represented in the flesh on our bodies, Air is our breath and the oxygen in our bodily system, Water is our blood, and Fire represents our very soul, who we are as individuals.

Let’s examine the elements in more detail:

EARTH

The Earth is alive, continually growing and transforming, yet many take it for granted. As we go to-and-fro in our busy lives we sometimes fail to see the beauty around us, and we lose that connection to the living Earth. The symbol for Earth is a downward-pointing triangle with a line through the middle, and the color usually associated with Earth is Green. In the witch’s circle and on the altar, Earth is placed in the North. In many circle-casting traditions, North is where the circle both begins and ends, as elemental Earth helps us to remain grounded and clear-thinking during our magical rituals. Earth is considered to be a vessel of the Goddess, as she nurtures and cares for it, giving birth to Nature with the help of her consort, the God. Indeed, all green, growing things such as flowers, plants and herbs are part of Earth. The trees and forests, mountains and valleys, and even animals are ruled by the element of Earth. Metaphysically, Earth represents groundedness and stability, growth and practical living on the material plane. Money, home, career and the Root Chakra are all linked to the element of Earth. In Astrology, the Earth signs are Capricorn, Taurus and Virgo. In Witchcraft, the planet Earth is viewed as alive and sentient. Also linked to Earth is the image of the Green Man, a pre-Christian symbol depicting a man’s face/body made entirely of green foliage. In Celtic lore, the Green Man is a protector and guardian of the Earth and animal life. Cernunnos is an ancient Celtic deity also linked to Earth, and he as well is a guardian of the forests and animals who live there. He is a man with antlers on his head, and he is dressed in animal skins. He carries powerful, transformative magic, which can be a bit primal and dark at times, but he forces us to look within and examine our own darkness. He assists us with integrating a balance of dark and light, and draws us ever closer to the powers of Earth. His symbolic animal is the Stag. Another animal linked to Earth is the Serpent. Magical lore tells us that the Serpent guards the entrance to the Underworld, and is symbolic of transformation and the darkness within all of us. Both Cernunnos and the Serpent remind us that both Dark and Light are necessary for our growth. Placing too much emphasis on one or the other puts us out of balance. We must acknowledge that we have a dark side, and then integrate it into our lives in a healthy and balanced way. On the witch’s altar, the element of Earth is traditionally placed in the North. Use salt, crystals, a mound of earth or dried herbs in a dish, or a live plant to represent the Earth element on your altar.

To form a bond with the element of Earth, spend some time outdoors to observe the Nature around you. Take regular walks in the park, or go hiking through national parks or forests, absorbing all the sights, sounds and smells. Notice how the environment transforms through the changing seasons. Walk barefoot in the Summer grass, collect acorns in the Fall, watch the birds flying south in the Winter, Get your hands dirty and plant some flowers in the Spring. Grow your own herb garden. Plant a few trees. There is something mystical about bare trees in winter. They are completely bare, all of their leaves have long since fallen, but as their bare branches dance in the wind, there is a glimmer of hope. They seem to convey a message: We are only sleeping. Life will return to us, but for now it is time to look within. Our branches are exposed and you can see our nakedness, our darkness, but soon we will be covered with leaves again. As you examine us, we ask you to retreat within and examine yourself. Discover what lies hidden, and life will return to you .

Many people go about their day-to-day lives completely oblivious to the beauty of the Earth around them. The trees, flowers, plants and animal life that exist around us, even if we live in a metropolitan area, deserve our attention. Devote some time to spend outdoors, take a book and sit under a tree, walk through a park and absorb the natural energies of the Earth. Listen to the birds in the trees, take some nuts for the squirrels. Purchase some birdseed or food for other animals you may see. Take your shoes off and walk barefoot through the grass. Lie down in the grass, close your eyes and allow Earth energy into your body. Befriend the animals who live in your neighborhood, and they will do the same for you. Get to know the flora and fauna in the area where you live.

AIR

The color traditionally associated with Air is Yellow. In Astrology, the Air signs are Gemini, Libra and Aquarius. All forms of communication and self-expression are linked to the Air element. Writers, artists, musicians, teachers, actors and other performers all have the Air element at work in their lives. All birds of the sky are linked to Air. All forms of Divination and interaction with the Faerie Realm are closely tied to the element of Air. On the witch’s altar, use a feather, a wind-chime or a censer (a fancy word for incense burner) to represent Air. In Witchcraft, Air is placed in the East. Air rules the sense of smell, as aromas are carried through the air to the nostrils, and the sense of hearing, as sound travels through the air to the ear. The Tarot suit associated with Air are the Swords. Swords in the Tarot represent our thoughts, decisions and actions. These are Air attributes. Other attributes associated with Air are intellect, creativity, the mind, breath, inspiration and wisdom. Those who are closely attuned to Air are writers, teachers, musicians, artists, singers, dancers, actors and storytellers.

To form a personal connection to the Air element, go outside on a breezy day. Close your eyes and focus your attention on the wind and the air as it blows around you. Listen to the rustling of the leaves on the trees as the wind blows through them. What do they seem to be saying? Start a creative project. Write some poetry, create a scrapbook, learn to play a musical instrument. Observe the birds in the sky, examine their flight patterns. Pay attention to your feelings and impressions as you do this. Learn a form of divination. Purchase a tarot deck, oracle cards, a pendulum or runes and learn how to use them. Develop your intuitive skills.

WATER

The color associated with Water is Blue, and this element is linked to emotions, intuition, adaptability, compassion and the Goddess. The element of Water helps us become more compassionate and adaptable to change. One of the qualities of Water is that it is free-flowing, and will adapt it’s shape to whatever object it is placed in. It adapts to change.

In Astrology, Water signs are Cancer, Pisces and Scorpio. All fish and other creatures that swim are associated with Water, as are mythological creatures such as the Merpeople. Crystals that can be used for the Water element are Pearl and Quartz. Plants with Water energy are the Lotus Flower, Aloe and Dittany of Crete. Deities associated with Water are Neptune, Poseidon and the Celtic God Manaanan Mac Lir. In Witchcraft, Water is placed in the West and many witches have a small dish of water on their altars. In the Tarot, the suit of Cups is linked to Water. Cups cards in the Tarot all relate to our emotions and feelings, and how our lives are influenced by them. According to Witchcraft lore, the guardians of the element of Water are known as Undines. They are believed to be half-human and half-fish, and are also known as Merpeople or Merfolk. Mythological Water creatures can also be called upon as a spirit guide or animal totem. Magical tools associated with Water are the Chalice, Cauldron and Bowl. To represent the element of Water, place a seashell, a Mermaid figurine, or a dish of spring water in the West quadrant of your altar. Standing on the beach in the early hours of the morning is quite mystical. It is a magical in-between place where one is literally at the center of land, sea and sky.

If you are not near the ocean, you can still tap into the energies of Water. Of course, the best place to connect with the Water element is by an ocean, lake, river or stream. Sit by a source of water, close your eyes, reach a meditative state and listen to it as it flows, crashing upon the shore or rushing over rocks. Sprinkle some water on yourself and ask it to reveal it’s mysteries. If you’re not near a ocean or a park stream, take a ritual bath to connect with Water. Think about how important Water is to our survival, and the ways we take it for granted. Are you drinking enough water? We can ask the guardians of Water to help us stay in control of our emotions, and to help us adapt to the changes in our lives.

FIRE

Fire is both enchanting and fearsome. It has the power to destroy, and the power to send spells out into the ether, empowering our magic (along with Earth, Air and Water) so that we may attain our goals. It is beautiful and dangerous, at the same time. Fire brings to mind images of the soft glow of candlelight, a roaring flame beneath a cauldron, and the fire-breathing Dragon of myth and legend. The color usually associated with elemental Fire is Red. In the witch’s circle and on the altar, Fire is placed in the South, although some traditions place it in the East. When placing items on your altar to represent the Fire element, you can simply light a red/orange candle, or use such crystals such as Amber, Carnelian, or Citrine. Any crystal with a red/orange/yellow color will do.

Plants that represent Fire are: Cinnamon, Cinquefoil, Clove, Dragon’s Blood, Marigold, Sunflower, and Snapdragon. The astrological Fire signs are Aries, Leo and Sagittarius. According to Witchcraft tradition, the elemental ruler of Fire is the Salamander. The Salamander is believed to be a spirit creature of fire, made of fire, living within the flames. Some say the Salamander has a lizard-like appearance, or can even take on a human form. Larger Salamanders are known as Fire Drakes (Dragons). Other animals associated with Fire are the Lion, Dragonfly and Scorpion. Solar/Fire deities that can be called upon are Brigid, Lugh, Mabon, Aries, Mars, Helios, Ra, Horus, Loki and Freya. Magical tools linked to the element of Fire are the Wand, Athame and Sword. In the Tarot, the suit of Wands is linked to Fire. Wand cards in the Tarot give guidance regarding our will and actions. In a magical sense, Fire represents our strength of will, our actions and passions. Strong emotions can be motivated by the element of Fire within ourselves. People who have difficulty with anger management or uncontrolled sexual lust are said to have an over-abundance of Fire in their natures. Those who are very driven in their career goals or creative endeavors, as well as those with strong, aggressive personalities have the Fire element at work in their lives. There are many who choose to make their dreams a reality, while others just passively coast through life with a “whatever happens” attitude. Some of us could use a little more Fire. Some of us have too much! In most traditions, witches use a Wand, Athame or Sword to cast the magic circle, and visualize a flame coming out of the end as the circle is cast. This flame, along with the elemental rulers of Earth, Air, Fire and Water, guards and protects the circle from harmful energy for the duration of the ritual, until the circle is opened and released at the end.

A simple spell is to place a candle in the cauldron at the center of your altar. From this candle, light a piece of parchment paper on which has been written an incantation (these are spoken first and then burned) or affirmation, and let it burn completely out in the cauldron. When working with Fire, there are safety issues to consider. If you light something on fire indoors, (even incense), be aware of smoke and your smoke-alarms. If you can, light incense near an open window. Some types of incense create more ash and smoke than others, so be aware of this. Be cautious when wearing long, flowing robes with low sleeves that can easily be ignited by a candle flame. Be sure there is a fire extinguisher nearby, just in case.

A Simple Ritual To Connect With The Element of Fire

  • Close your eyes and take several slow, deep breaths until you reach a meditative state.
  • Open your eyes, and place a small red candle in a holder.
  • Light the candle and gaze at the flame. Do not stare at it intently, but allow your gaze to soften as you watch the flame flicker and dance.
  • Think about the importance of Fire in your life, and consider your goals and ambitions. Do you have the necessary drive to accomplish them? Have you been procrastinating? Tell yourself now is the time to take action to achieve your goals.
  • Consider the Fire aspect of your personality. Do you have anger issues? Are you more passive or aggressive in your interactions with others? Ask the guardians of Fire to help you reach an equal balance of both.
  • As you gaze at the candle flame, ask the element of Fire to make itself known to you in the coming weeks. Write down any impressions you receive in a special journal.
  • Put out the candle with a candle-snuffer, and re-light it later, or allow it to burn all the way down on it’s own.

Witches forge a strong connection to the elements and the spirit of the land. It is not enough to merely acknowledge their presence. The powers of Earth, Air, Fire and Water are living energies that wish to reveal their mysteries to us through a deep, personal connection. We must spend time acquainting ourselves with each of these elemental forces, on an experiential level, if we hope to have their assistance in our lives. Allow Nature to be your teacher and guide.

For review, use the information below to include the elements on your home altar or magical working area:

Earth (North): A dish of salt, crystals, antlers, snakeskin, a bowl of dried herbs, or a live plant.

Air (East): An incense burner, feather, small wind-chime or bell.

Fire (South): A candle, piece of Amber or a dragon statue.

Water (West): A bowl of spring water or a seashell.

Witches of the Old Ways always connect to the elements when weaving their spells and enchantments. They are partners with us in our magical workings. Begin today by developing a stronger bond with Earth, Air, Fire and Water.

The Magic Within

/ Old Ways Witchery / Leave a comment

Everyone has magical potential. Some are aware of their own magic, and have a natural predisposition for it, while others have simply not yet awakened to their inherent magical selves. Many have untapped divination skills or psychic abilities. Everyone has at least one kind of healing ability. One of the roles of the witch is to bring healing and restoration, and witches have a duty to be channels for healing. Many become skilled in alternative healing therapies such as Reiki, Aromatherapy, Herbology or Meditation. There are others who have unconventional methods of healing that they did not learn from a teacher or a book. It is not always necessary to have degrees or certificates to be a channel for healing. Spend some time in meditation and explore what your personal healing gifts may be. Sometimes you may discover them unexpectedly.

It is important to recognize that as witches, we ourselves are not healers. We are merely healing facilitators, allowing the divine to channel healing energy through us. It is not always obvious what is happening. When we embrace our friends and loved ones, we share healing energy with one another. This healing energy comes from a divine source, the divine that exists within us all.

The first step along the path of witchcraft is to develop a regular meditation practice. This is the art of using consciousness-altering methods to awaken the senses and develop inner growth. Eastern forms often involve chanting, drumming, controlled-breathing techniques, chakra healing, self-awareness, clearing the mind and becoming one with the moment. Western forms are more goal-oriented, and include visualization and affirmations.

It is vital to examine both the light and dark aspects of your personality, and integrate a healthy balance of both. Meditation has benefits that are not always immediately apparent. A regular meditation practice increases your intuitive and psychic skills, and helps you become more sensitive to the subtle energies around you. As you spend more time in meditation, your magical awareness will greatly increase, and you may begin to sense things about the people around you. You may even begin to have an awareness of unseen entities or spirit beings. While meditating it is helpful to light a candle and some incense, as this lowers the brain waves into a meditative state known as Alpha. The Alpha brain wave state is a daydream-like state of awareness, where one is relaxed, yet still aware. It has been proven in studies that the Alpha state enhances creativity and learning abilities, and it is believed to make one more open to receive psychic information. One can achieve the Alpha state through simple breathing exercises.

Creative Visualization is the practice of using your imagination, will and emotions to manifest change in your life, and is a very important component in practical magic. If you can visualize your desired goal as though it has already happened, your spells will manifest much faster.

Another benefit of a regular meditation practice is the development of psychic gifts. When we say someone is psychic, what does that really mean? A person who is psychic has the ability to receive knowledge about people or events without the use of the regular five senses (taste, touch, smell, sight, hearing). This is why we say they have a “sixth sense”. Some psychics seem able to turn on their gifts at will, but for many, psychic information usually comes unbidden. It is a sudden knowing, a sudden awareness of information that has arrived in your consciousness. There are a number of psychic gifts, and each of them mimic the five senses in some way. I prefer to call them “gifts” rather than “abilities”, as the word ’ability’ implies that it can be activated at will, and this is not always the case. A person who is psychic may be gifted in one or more of the following:

Clairsentience: A sudden awareness of information about a person or event without the use of the five senses.

Clairvoyance: Seeing a person, or an event taking place, when this person or event is not in your general vicinity. This may occur in the mind’s eye of the psychic, or may manifest as a full vision.

Clairaudience: A person who is clairaudient can hear things, (such as voices, music, footsteps or other sounds), that others around them do not hear. The origin of the sound could be in the astral realm, or it could be a great distance away.

Clairolfactance: This occurs when someone becomes aware of an odor or aroma that has no obvious source. The scent usually has some connection to a past or future event, a specific place or person. The scent may be from a location one has visited in the past, and possibly a sign that you will visit that place again very soon. This is a rather curious gift, as it activates the mind’s ability to associate specific scents with places and people.

Clairgustance: A sudden taste or flavor in the mouth that does not come from a physical source. This is usually a sign of a future event or may be linked to an event taking place a distance away.

As you develop your intuitive skills, it is a good idea to start experimenting with several forms of divination, until you find the ones that are right for you. Divination is the art of obtaining information through the use of various tools, such as tarot cards, runes or scrying mirrors. There are several kinds of divination, and many people find they are more adept at some forms than others. The word Divination comes from the word Divine, meaning that the information we receive through these practices is imparted to us as we connect to the divine source within. Some of the more common divination practices are:

Tarot: A standard tarot deck contains 78 cards, which is divided into two sections, the Major Arcana and Minor Arcana. (The word Arcana is the plural of Arcanum, which means “profound secret”). The 22 cards of the Major Arcana are the heart of the deck, as each one symbolizes some universal aspect of human experience. Each card in the Major Arcana has a name and number, along with associated imagery. Some names convey a card’s meaning directly, such as Strength and Justice. Other cards portray individuals who personify a particular approach to life, such as the Hierophant and the Empress. The names of these individuals vary depending on the deck you use. There are other cards with astrological names, such as the Star and the Moon. They represent the esoteric forces linked to these planetary bodies. The 56 cards of the Minor Arcana are divided into four suits: Wands, Cups, Swords and Pentacles. Each of these suits stands for a particular approach to life. Each tarot card is filled with symbolism and imagery that can help the reader awaken his/her intuition and decipher its meaning in relation to other cards in the reading. Readings from tarot decks can address any area of life, from health and relationships to career and romance. There are many tarot decks available on the market, the most popular being the Rider-Waite deck.

Oracle: Oracle decks can contain any number of cards, and tend to focus primarily on spiritual growth and inner development, though they can, at times, address issues of everyday life. They are not as difficult to learn as tarot, which is why some people prefer them. Each oracle deck usually has a specific theme that sets the overall tone of the entire deck. Oracle decks call on the energies of herbs, crystals, animals and similar metaphysical themes.

Runes: The origin of the Runes is shrouded in mystery, although we do know they are powerfully connected to the ancient Norse people. According to Norse legend, the god Odin was a god of wisdom, cunning, sorcery and death. To impart to his children the gift of writing, he hung himself upside-down on the World Tree, sacrificing himself for his people on the giant ash Yggdrasil. After nine days of fasting, he fell from the tree and was granted with the knowledge of the secrets of the Runes. It is believed that they began as an alphabetic system, but have become much more than that. Each Rune symbol contains within it a specific energy that can be used in divination, spellcraft or other magical workings. While there are a few different types of Runes, such as the Witch’s Runes and Anglo-Saxon Runes, the most prominent (and most ancient) Runes are the Elder Futhark Runes. The Elder Futhark contains 24 different runes, and were originally carved onto small bits of wood. Today you can find runes that are carved into various crystals, wood, resin or bone. Many folks like to make their own, by cutting a tree branch into small pieces and using a wood-burning tool to carve in the symbols. Making them yourself is preferable, but is not a requirement for them to work. In the magical community, there are many Runecasters, (those who specialize in Rune Divination), and offer Rune readings to the public. Most Metaphysical/New Age/Wicca shops carry runes in many varieties. Keep your Runes together in a drawstring pouch made of a natural fiber, such as cotton, wool or silk. There are special rune pouches available online, and even rune cloths with special markings to assist in your readings, but these are not necessary.

Scrying: This is the art of obtaining information, wisdom or guidance by gazing into a crystal ball, a bowl of water, or a mirror. Many witches own at least one scrying mirror and a crystal ball. Some may see actual images form on the surface of the object used for scrying, while others receive impressions within their consciousness. The best times to practice scrying seem to be during “between-times”, such as a Full Moon, New Moon, a Lunar/Solar Eclipse, Dawn/Dusk, or during Beltane (May 1st) or Samhain (October 31st).

There are many other forms of divination. It is a fascinating study and practice. It should be understood that while many of our magickal gifts come from a divine source, we also have an energy system that runs through our bodies. This system moves along various ‘energy centers’ known as Chakras. There are many chakras points in the body, even in the hands and feet, but the seven primary chakras are located along the spine. When the chakras are open, we are able to conduct our lives in a healthy and spiritually balanced manner. If one of more of the chakras are closed, or “blocked”, this often results in physical problems, emotional issues or hindrances to inner growth. The word “Chakra” is a Sanskrit word that means “spinning wheel” or “vortex of energy”. Each of the chakras are linked to a color, and to specific issues concerning life, health and spirituality. Let’s examine the seven primary chakras:

Root Chakra (Red): Located at the base of the spine, the Root Chakra is associated with life on the material plane. Things such as finances, money, survival, job security, and home are all related to this chakra. It represents foundation and groundedness.

Sacral Chakra (Orange): Located just below the navel, the Sacral Chakra is associated with sexuality, the sense of well-being and interactions with others. It represents our connection to the people around us and our ability to adapt to new experiences.

Solar Plexus (Yellow): Located in the belly area, the Solar Plexus is associated with self-esteem, personal identity, confidence, and ego. This chakra seems to be where we sense the most powerful flow of energy. It represents our ability to be confident and in control of our lives.

Heart Chakra (Green): Located in the center of the chest, the Heart chakra is associated with love, friendship, romance, close relationships, family, joy and kinship with those around us. It represents our ability to give and receive love.

Throat Chakra (Blue): Located at the throat, the Throat Chakra is associated with communication, self-expression, will and truth. It represents our ability to communicate.

Third Eye Chakra (Indigo): Located at the center of the forehead, the Third Eye Chakra is associated with intuitive and psychic abilities, imagination, decision-making, divination, shamanism, and the Sowilo rune. It represents seeing the unseen, walking between the worlds, and your magical identity.

Crown Chakra (Violet or White): Located just above the top of the head, the Crown chakra is associated with spirituality and one’s connection to the divine. It represents the mind of Spirit and deity, as it is revealed through us and within us.

Each of us are born with inherent magical gifts and skills that are just waiting to be coaxed out and developed. We all have the ability to connect with the forces of Nature and the Universe to bring about change and transformation. Magic is not necessarily supernatural. It is a natural part of who we are, yet there are many who have not become aware of this truth. Meditation is the first key to opening the doors of magic in your life. Through meditation, introspection and self-awareness, along with the development of your magical skills, you become more attuned to the divine within, and your magical identity will begin to shine through.

The Magic Above

/ Old Ways Witchery / Leave a comment

It is scientific fact that our bodies contain the same elements found in the stars. The carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in our bodies, as well as atoms of all other heavy elements, were created in previous generations of stars over 4.5 billion years ago. Humans, animals, as well as most of the matter on Earth contain these elements. We are literally made of stardust. This is another example of how all things are divinely inter-connected in the universal web of life. That which is above is a reflection of that which is below. Since we have this connection to the celestial bodies, we can draw on their influence and powers to aid in our witchcraft. Witches have learned how to tap into the energies of the planets, stars, the Sun and the Moon. Each have their own unique qualities. Much of this knowledge has been passed down thru the centuries, and witches are still using it today.

The planets in our solar system all contain their own unique energies that can be called upon in rituals and magical workings. Each planet, including the Sun and Moon, has a magical link to various plants, colors, metals, symbols, tarot cards and stones. The planets in our solar system: The Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Earth, Neptune, Uranus and Pluto* are used widely in witchcraft. Those who work with planetary forces discover that they are more than just ‘energies’, they are spiritual entities that have assisted witches for centuries.

*Pluto is still considered by many witches to be a planet, even though Pluto lost it’s “official” planet status in 2006. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) downgraded the status of Pluto to that of a “dwarf planet” because it did not meet the three criteria the IAU uses to define a full-sized planet. Essentially Pluto meets all the criteria except one- it “has not cleared its neighboring region of other objects.” Be that as it may, some practitioners still use the energies of Pluto with great success.

Let’s first examine each of the planets in our solar system and their magical qualities, and then we will move on to other celestial phenomenon. The correspondences listed below are by no means complete.

MOON: The Moon is considered a feminine energy, linked to the powers of divination, intuition, psychic ability and the Third Eye Chakra. Crystals and stones that draw upon Moon energy are Moonstone, Clear Quartz and Lapis Lazuli. Herbs and flowers linked to the Moon are Jasmine, Lily and Moonflower. The metal Silver and the colors White and Silver are associated with the Moon as is the day of Monday. In the Tarot, use The Moon, The Star or The High Priestess cards. The Moon is very important to witches, as each phase of the Moon has it’s own energies that can be used for various purposes. We will discuss this a bit later.

MERCURY: Mercury is linked to all forms of communication, self-expression and travel. Crystals and stones for Mercury are Citrine, Goldstone and Yellow Jasper. Plants linked to Mercury are Lemongrass, Peppermint and Clover. The color Orange and the day of Wednesday is linked to Mercury, and the Throat Chakra. From the Tarot, use The Chariot card. Mercury is also the metal for the planet, however, real Mercury is toxic and deadly, so many witches use only the Mercury symbol or less-toxic substitutes.

VENUS: Venus is associated with love, romance, relationships, friendships, family and other emotional attachments. It is also associated with Women’s Mysteries and Feminine Magic. Crystals and stones that draw upon Venus energy are Rose Quartz and Amethyst. Plants linked to Venus are Rose, Lavender and Elder. It’s day for magic is Friday and The Lovers card from the Tarot can be used. Venus colors are shades of Red, Pink and Blue. The metal of Venus is Copper, and it‘s Chakra is the Heart.

SUN: The Sun is associated with ambition, success, enlightenment and achieving one’s goals. It is linked to the Crown Chakra, and various shades of Gold and Yellow. The metal of the Sun is Gold and it‘s day for magic is Sunday. Crystals and stones for the Sun are Goldstone, Citrine and Golden Topaz. Plants linked to the Sun are Sunflower, Marigold and St. John’s Wort. Use The Sun card from the Tarot in your Sun rituals.

MARS: The energies of Mars are fiery and masculine, primal and aggressive. Mars is linked to assertiveness, force, masculinity, Men’s Mysteries, lust, passion, strength and power. It is very protective and militant. Plants linked to Mars are Red Clover, Cinnamon and Damiana. The color of Mars is Red and it’s day for magic is Tuesday. Crystals and stones linked to Mars are Red Jasper, Ruby and Amber. Mars is ruled by the Sacral Chakra. From the Tarot, use The High Priest or the King of Swords.

JUPITER: The energies of Jupiter are associated with prosperity, money, career, growth and expansion. It’s day for magic is Thursday, and it’s colors are Green and Purple. Plants for Jupiter are Cinquefoil, Bayberry and Sage. Crystals for Jupiter are Green Aventurine, Emerald or Tree Agate. From the Tarot, use the Wheel of Fortune card. Call on Jupiter energies when looking for a new job or any kind of advancement in your career or creative projects.

SATURN: The energies of Saturn are linked to boundaries, limitations, restrictions, obstacles, protection magic, banishing and binding. It’s day is Saturday and it’s color is Black. Crystals for Saturn are Black Obsidian, Black Onyx and Jet. Plants of Saturn are Mandrake, Belladonna and Henbane. (These are highly poisonous, so use caution! For a less toxic substitute, use Snapdragon or Slippery Elm). From the Tarot, use The World or The Tower cards.

EARTH: The energies of Earth represent grounding, stability, health, manifestation, and life on the physical plane. It is linked to the Root Chakra, and color shades of green and brown. All crystals and plants can represent Earth. Tree bark can also be used. In the Tarot use the King of Wands or Queen of Wands.

NEPTUNE: Neptune is associated with the element of Water, intuition, sensitivity, empathy, compassion, adaptability and imagination. It’s color is Grey. Plants associated with Neptune are Melon, Cucumber, Pumpkin, Water Lily and Lotus Flower. Neptune crystals are Clear Quartz, Smoky Quartz and Pearl. Ocean sand, seashells and sea foam can also be used. In the Tarot, use the King of Cups.

URANUS: The energies of the planet Uranus are associated with individuality, non-traditionalism, revolution, invention and eccentricity. Plants linked to Uranus are those with sharp, irregular leaves, rare herbs and plants that shock or excite the nervous system, or plants that are purple or electric blue in color. Uranus colors are bright, neon or abstract designs. Rough, unpolished stones and crystals can be used to call upon Uranus planetary energies. In the Tarot, use The Fool or the Page of Wands.

PLUTO: The energies of Pluto are linked to rebirth, transformation, destiny and the subconscious. Herbs and flowers of Pluto are the passionflower, acacia, hollow larkspur, coneflower and the male fern. Colors for Pluto are White and Black. Crystals and stones are Snowflake Obsidian, White Howlite, Hypersthene and Black Tourmaline. In the Tarot use The Hanged Man or Death cards.

It should be noted that many witches use only the seven classical planets: Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, as these were the only planets known in ancient times. Neptune, Uranus and Pluto were discovered later, and their magical correspondences are fairly new. Now that we know what each of the planets represent, and the energies they contain, how do we use them?

One way is through meditation and visualization. Each of the planets have a symbol (see the chart below). If you are doing magic to bring prosperity in your life, you can enter a meditative state, close your eyes and visualize the symbol for Jupiter with an intention for prosperity. Or, you may choose to draw the symbol on a piece of parchment paper and place it on your altar under a green candle. It is important to use as many correspondences of the same planet that you can. Carve the Jupiter symbol on the side of the candle, place Jupiter crystals and plants around the candle. Write your intention for prosperity on a piece of paper and light it with the candle, and drop it into a cauldron to burn.

There are many ways to work with the planets, including planetary sigils and kameas, (these are special symbols you create to manifest specific intentions). You can blend your own planetary oils, and there are even planetary hours of the day. It is also helpful to remember that each day of the week is associated with a specific planet. For example, Thursday is associated with Jupiter, the planet that rules matters related to job, career, finances, accomplishment and luck. Thursday is a great day to do magic for prosperity or job promotions. Wednesday is associated with the planet Mercury, which rules matters related to communication and travel. If you are giving a lecture or planning a trip, Wednesday is a good day to do magic so that things run smoothly.

It is important to understand that it is not necessary to wait for a specific day. While certain days are energetically better for some types of witchcraft, you can still do magic on any day of the week and call on the powers present for that day. Using the prosperity magic example, if you need to do money magic and you can’t wait until Thursday, cast your spell on a Tuesday and call on the determination and strength of Mars. Once you become familiar with the planetary influences, you will not have to go searching through books and grimoires to find what you need.

The Moon

For thousands of years, we have been mystified by the Moon. Songs and stories have been written about the Moon, and it has made it’s way into myths and legends that stretch back through the ancient past. To some, it is merely a rock in the sky. To others, it is divine and full of magical energy. It certainly produces energy, as it’s gravitational pull affects the tides of the ocean. Even we ourselves are affected by the Moon‘s phases, as our bodies are made of 80% water. In magical teachings, the Moon is regarded as feminine, while the Sun is masculine. Your lunar sign (the astrological position of the Moon at your time of birth) reveals information about your shadow self, the things you keep hidden from others, your inner life, insecurities, secrets, etc. It is a well-known fact that Witches conduct their lives by the Moon. Each phase of the Moon carries it’s own unique energies that be called upon for various purposes. Let’s examine each one.

New Moon/Dark Moon: Magic during a New Moon, sometimes called the Dark Moon, is typically for introspective work, the shadow self, personal issues and private matters, banishing and bindings, inner growth. It is also a time to examine your “dark” nature, finding ways to integrate it into your life in a healthy and balanced way. What are the things that hold you back from achieving your goals? Are there things in your personality or lifestyle that you have suppressed because of the opinions of others? The New Moon is a time to allow your dark side to come forth and be examined, releasing what is harmful while retaining those things that express your true self in a positive way. The second New Moon occurring in the same month is called a Black Moon, during which the Dark Moon’s powers are amplified.

Waxing Crescent to Full Moon: The waxing crescent occurs as the New Moon is no longer dark and begins to increase it’s light. This is a time for new beginnings, new projects, new endeavors. Starting a job, writing a book, brainstorming for ideas, or planning future events are all things that are aided by the energy of a waxing crescent moon. As the Moon increases to Full, energy begins to build up. Use magic during these phases to bring anything you need into your life. Physical health, job success or promotion, self-confidence, romance or anything that would be beneficial to your well-being.　

Full Moon: The Full Moon is the most powerful phase of the Moon for magic that involves some kind of outward manifestation. In fact, it is a good idea to time your manifestation spells as close to the Full Moon as possible. It is also a great time to gather plants for your spells and potions, cleanse and charge your crystals, divination tools and other ritual items. This is a perfect time to do rituals that honor your deities and spirit guides. The Full Moon is a time of completion, the end of one cycle and the beginning of a new one. The second Full Moon occurring in the same month is called a Blue Moon.

Waning Crescent to New Moon: During these phases, the Moon’s energy aids us in removing things from our lives that are not for our highest good. It is a time to remove obstacles or anything that is blocking us from achieving our goals. It is also a time to examine our fears and insecurities, and find ways to overcome them. As the Moon begins to grow dark, we can also use this time to magically bind and banish those who seek to do us harm. It is a time of cloaking ourselves so that we are protected as we look within.

The Moon is Waxing (increasing) from New Moon to Full Moon.

It is Waning (decreasing) from Full Moon to New Moon.

What about Eclipses?

Eclipses represent balance, change and transformation. A Lunar Eclipse is a time of increased awareness and growth on an inner, spiritual level. During a Lunar Eclipse, the Moon is always in the opposite astrological sign that the Sun is in. Both signs and their inherent energies are brought into the picture.

A Solar Eclipse indicates a powerful potential for change on an outward, visible level. During a Solar Eclipse, the Sun and Moon are always together in the same astrological sign, and occupying the same house. The energy of the Solar Eclipse is concentrated with all of the action being focused into one area. Solar Eclipses only take place during the New Moon. Lunar Eclipses always occur during the Full Moon. While a New and Full Moon occur once (sometimes twice) a month, they are not always eclipses, because the orbit of the Moon does not always lie on the same path as Earth. The astrological sign during which the eclipse occurs is of great importance, because it indicates what kind of energies will be active during the eclipse period.

The moon, the planets, and even the stars can lend their energies for our magic and spellwork. We are made of the same substances found in the celestial bodies. The witch of the Old Ways recognizes this, and works with their energies whenever possible.

Power of the Witch’s Circle

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Witches do much of their work in what is called the “magic circle” or “witch’s circle”. This is where spells are cast, rituals are performed, magical tools are consecrated, and meditation and other introspective techniques can all be practiced. By casting the circle, we are creating sacred space, a “world between worlds”. It is a space that not only contains and amplifies the energy we raise within it, it also serves as a barrier to deflect any energies that may be harmful. It is a place where the creative forces of the Universe gather with us to make magic. The circle is a microcosm of the Universe, and perfectly illustrates the concept “As Above, So Below”. Whatever is created in the circle (Below) will eventually manifest in the astral (Above). Circle-casting is not a product of modern Wicca, as some claim. The earliest known record of a witch’s circle comes from a woodcut illustration in 1608, depicting witches gathered in a circle traced upon the ground. Early Puritans demonized this concept by placing the Devil outside the circle, to imply that the witches had conjured it. There are also medieval woodcuts of witches dancing in a circle. The circle has been used by witches for centuries, long before Gerald Gardner (the “father” of modern Wicca) was born.

Casting the circle is not to be performed haphazardly or with a casual attitude. Do not just say the words and go through the motions. Do not rush the words, take your time and pay attention to what you are saying. Circle-casting is an art that requires strong focus, visualization and intent. When the circle is complete, it is no longer a circle, but a sphere. This is so that not only the circumference is protected, but also the areas above and below the sacred space you have created. Before casting the circle, however, it is important to be in a right state of mind. The circle intensifies whatever energy is brought into it. If you are angry or tense, you are going to bring that energy unless you do some centering and grounding exercises first. Before beginning any ritual, the first step is meditation. Simply close your eyes, take some deep breaths until you reach a meditative state. Prepare yourself spiritually and mentally for what you are about to do. Put away all worries and concerns of the day. Once you have reached this level of what we call “ritual consciousness”, then you may begin casting the circle. Many people skip this step, and it has detrimental effects on the energy of their circles. Another important thing to do before casting your circle is to cleanse the area. This can be done with incense, salt water, a lit candle, or through white light visualization.

The method below is not the only way to cast a circle, but it is a traditional method.

  • Cleanse the area with incense, salt water or visualization.
  • Close your eyes, put away all worries of the day, and take several deep breaths until you reach a meditative state of mind.
  • Stand up and face the North or the East (whichever direction feels right for you). Using both hands, grasp a sword, athame (a black-handled ritual blade) or wand, and point it upwards. Not vertically straight up, but in an upwards diagonal position. If you don’t have these tools, it is perfectly acceptable to use the forefinger of your dominant hand.
  • Begin walking clockwise in a circle, and visualize a blue flame coming out the end of your sword/athame/wand. You will walk this circle three times while making the following three statements, one statement for each circle. If your space is limited and you can’t walk around, you can stand in one spot and pivot as you cast your circle.

CIRCLE ONE: I cast this circle to protect me from all harmful energies.

CIRCLE TWO: I cast this circle to allow only the most perfect energies for this work.

CIRCLE THREE: I cast this circle to be a sacred space for the highest good, harming none.

  • Do not just say the words, but think about what you’re saying. “See” it and “feel” it happening. Once your circle is created, it is not uncommon to sense a difference in energy and temperature. As you walk the circle three times, visualize the blue flame forming a circle in the air around you. You can write your own words for circle-casting, and make them as creative and elaborate or as simple as you want, but they must include the intentions that your circle is for protection from harmful energies and is a sacred space.
  • Next, point your sword/athame/wand straight up and say “As Above”. Visualize the top half of the sphere being formed by the protective blue light. Then point your sword/athame/wand down so that the tip is touching the ground, and say “So Below”. Visualize the bottom half of the sphere being formed. You have now created not only a circle, but a sphere of protection.

It is important to visualize the entire process of circle-casting as clearly as you can in your mind’s eye, with strong focus and intention. You are not just saying words. You are creating an energetic sphere of protection and power.

At this point, many witches invite the elements of Earth, Air, Fire and Water into the circle by facing their associated directions. This is also done in a clockwise direction: North/Earth, East/Air, South/Fire, West/Water. You may also invite any deities or spirit guides to assist and lend their energies to the circle. Now you are ready to do magic or anything else you have cast your circle for.

Releasing the Circle

  • At the end of your ritual or magical working, if you have invited the elements, thank them for their assistance, and gently release each one in a counter-clockwise direction with a statement like “Stay if you will, but go if you must”. Remember to thank your deities and spirit guides for lending their energies to the circle.
  • Return to the same position where you began your circle (North or East), and point your sword/athame/wand upwards again. While walking a counter-clockwise circle only once, say “This circle is released”. As you walk the circle, visualize the blue flame of the circle/sphere dissolving into nothingness. When releasing the circle, it is only necessary to walk the circle one time.

You can cast the witch’s circle for any purpose you choose. Meditation, divination, communing with deities and spirit guides, spells, to celebrate the Sabbats or the Full Moon and New Moon. The circle creates an energetic boundary where the only forces programmed to be there are for your highest good.

Celebrating Lughnasadh

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Of all the Celtic Gods, Lugh was one of the most beloved. He was the “Shining One”, according to some versions, a son of Mannanan MacLir, and skilled in all the arts. He was called Lugh Lamfada (“of the long arm”) and Samildanach (meaning “skilled in all the arts”). He was a beautiful child with golden hair like the sun. He is portrayed as handsome and youthful. Tailtiu was the Goddess of Sovereignty, the queen of the Fir Bolg and his foster mother. She lived on the Hill of Tara, where she taught Lugh, helping him to learn about history, poetry, music and everything he would need to learn to be a well-rounded and powerful leader. When Lugh became an adult, he tried to enter the court of King Nuada (NOOa-ha). Just as everyone was sitting down to feast. The gatekeeper challenged Lugh to tell his name and of his skill. For no one without a special art or skill may enter Tara.
“I am a smith”, said Lugh.
“We already have a smith”, said the gatekeeper. “Why would we need another?”
“I am a warrior”, said Lugh.
“We have no need of one”, laughed the gatekeeper, “Ogma is our champion”.
“I am a harpist”, said Lugh.
“We have a harpist”, said the gatekeeper, “and quite a good one at that”.
“I am a hero” said Lugh, “renowned for skillfulness rather than mere strength”.
“All of the gods are heroes”, the porter shook his head at Lughs persistence.
“I am a poet and a tale-teller from the land of apples, rich in swans & yew trees” said Lugh.
“Taliesin is the greatest poet in Ireland”, said the gatekeeper, “Why would we need you?”
“I am a cup-bearer”, said Lugh. “We already have nine of them”, said the porter.
“I am a worker in bronze”, said Lugh.

“We have no need of you. We already have a worker in bronze”, said the gatekeeper.
“I am an historian, a doctor, and a magician”, Lugh told him.
The gatekeeper responded, “We already have men skilled in all these things. I dont see why we would need your services”.
“But do you have anyone who is master of all of these crafts at once?” Lugh asked.
The gatekeeper had to admit that they did not, and invited him in. Lugh entered and sat down upon a chair kept for the wisest man. The champion, Ogma was showing off his strength by pushing around a large flagstone. The stone, as huge as it was, was only a portion broken from a still greater rock. Lugh picked it up in his hands and put it back in its place. The king asked him to play the harp. Lugh played the sleep-tune and the king and all his court fell asleep until the same time the next day. Next Lugh played a lamenting tune and they all wept, and then he played a song which brought them joy. When the king saw all these talents he gave the throne to Lugh for thirteen days. Lugh became the leader of the Tuatha De Danann.
Lugh’s foster mother Tailtiu died of exhaustion after working hard to clear the lands of Ireland for farming. Lugh was so fond of her that he held a festival in her memory. People would gather around bonfires, sharing stories and food. They would compete in contests of skill and strength. Lugh invented ball games and horse races for all to play. It was said that as long as these traditions continued there would be corn and milk in every house, peace and fine weather for the feast. Tailtiu became the Goddess of the Harvest, like Ceres to the Romans, and Corn Mother to Native Americans. She looked on as her children played and feasted. The festival of Lughnasadh is still celebrated in memory of Lugh the Sun King, and his beloved Foster Mother and Teacher; Tailtiu.

Lughnasadh (Festival of Lugh) is the first of three harvest festivals, traditionally celebrated on August 1st. In Irish Gaelic, and a slightly different spelling, Lunasa is the word for August. In the Christianized version, it is called Lammas (meaning Loaf-Mass or the Feast of Bread, at which time the first loaves of the season were blessed by the church). The hot days of August are now upon us, much of the earth is dry and parched, but we still know that the bright reds and yellows of the harvest season are just around the corner. Apples are beginning to ripen in the trees, our summer vegetables have been picked, corn is tall and green, waiting for us to come gather the bounty of the crop fields. Now is the time to begin enjoying the fruits of our labors, both on the table and in our lives. We honor this holiday to celebrate the first harvest, and the Celtic God Lugh, the sacrificed King of the Grain. Grain has held a place of importance in civilization back nearly to the beginning of time. Grain became associated with the cycle of death and rebirth. In early Ireland, it was a bad idea to harvest your grain any time before Lughnasadh — it meant that the previous year’s harvest had run out early, and that was a serious failing in agricultural communities. However, on August 1, the first sheafs of grain were cut by the farmer, and by nightfall his wife had made the first loaves of bread of the season.

Lughnasadh is a day of honoring Lugh, the Celtic craftsman god. He is a god of many skills, and was honored in various aspects by societies both in the British Isles and in Europe. Lughnasadh is still celebrated in many parts of the world today, and his influence appears in the names of several European towns. In our modern world, it’s often easy to forget the trials and tribulations our ancestors had to endure. For us, if we need a loaf of bread, we simply drive over to the local grocery store and buy a few bags of prepackaged bread. If we run out, it’s no big deal, we just go and get more. When our ancestors lived, hundreds and thousands of years ago, the harvesting and processing of grain was crucial. We honor our ancestors and the hard work they had to do in order to survive. This is a good time to give thanks for the abundance we have in our lives, and to be grateful for the food on our tables. As we enjoy nature’s abundance, what can we give in return? Lughnasadh is a time of transformation, of rebirth and new beginnings. Because of its association with Lugh, The Many-Skilled One, Lughnasadh is also a time to celebrate talents, skills and craftsmanship. What are your talents and gifts? How can you share those talents and gifts with others? Now is the time of year to work on developing your own talents. Learn a new craft, or get better at an old one. Start a creative project, write a book, play a musical instrument, sing a song, dance, paint. Learn a new magical skill, such as the reading of runes or the making of candles. Whatever you choose to do, this is the right season for thankfulness and sharing.

Re-Awakening The Witch

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The practice of witchcraft has undergone many changes throughout the years. Some of these changes have been good and some of them not so good. Some changes are being touted as “modern ideas”, while older practices are regarded as “outdated” or “no longer relevant”. The ways of the Witch have become sanitized and diluted to make them more acceptable to the masses. Witches are not feared as they once were. The witch is more than just someone who wears pretty crystals and lights scented candles, while chanting healing words under a full moon, with New Age music playing in the background. There is a place for this, but we must not become too attached to a romanticized image. A witch can make someone’s life easier. A witch can also make someone’s life very unpleasant, and sometimes it is necessary. We are not docile and harmless. For the witch, Light and Dark are two sides of the same coin. In the old days, you wanted to be on the witch’s good side. To provoke a witch could be quite dangerous. For a very long time, witches were respected and feared in equal measure. Then along came the Wiccan Rede. The disclaimer “Do what you will and harm none” made it socially acceptable to be a witch, as in “I’m a witch but it’s okay because I follow the Rede”. This generated the false notion that “good” witches follow the Rede and “bad” ones do not. Before Gerald Gardner and Doreen Valiente, there was no Wiccan Rede, no Threefold Law. Witches were simply witches, living by their own ethical codes and moral standards. They were sovereign, each living according to their own rules. This is the way of the Old Ways Witch. It is not because of the Rede that the innocent are not harmed. The reason the innocent are not harmed is because they are innocent. The other side of this coin is that those who provoke a witch can no longer claim innocence. Back us into a corner and we come out fighting. If someone has a knife to your throat, throwing “love and light” at them isn’t going to save you. You will do what is necessary to protect yourself. There are times when banishings, bindings and curses are absolutely called for, such as when dealing with a stalker or someone seeking to harm your family. There are also times when they are definately NOT called for, such as when an insecure High Priestess chooses to banish from the community anyone who disagrees with her. I do not completely agree with the idea of doing something to make their lives better so they leave you alone. It’s a bit like that ridiculous Bible verse that says “bless those who persecute you”. Sure. Bless them so they can persecute others. Sorry, NO. The witch must remain someone who is both respected and feared.

The Witch and Sovereignty

As a witch, it is your right be sovereign. You develop your own practices, rituals and spells, using methods that work best for you. The way you practice witchcraft is not subject to anyone’s approval or permission. There are far too many people on social media trying to police how others practice. It is childish and ridiculous. I have seen both extremes. There are those who say you’re not “authorized” to engage in certain magical practices unless you belong to a particular culture or tradition. There are casual, lazy types who spout such nonsense as “you don’t need anything, you have all you need within you” and “the only important thing is intention”. They make witchcraft seem so simple, so easy, as if you could cast spells while you’re eating a cheeseburger or watching a movie and you don’t even have to get up from the couch. Witchcraft is not as simplified as people try to make it seem.

The Witch and The Night

The most powerful witches make a connection with the energies of the night. When the moon rises, and many begin preparing for sleep, this is when the abilities of the witch are strongest. It is during the night-time hours, particularly between 3am-5am, when astral interference is at it’s lowest ebb. The chaotic energies generated by social interactions, cellphones, traffic and other anxieties of the day have ceased, if only for a short time. During this time the spells cast by a witch can flow unhindered through the ether. The powers of psychic suggestion and magical intention reach their destinations with less impedance. The night has a special kinship with the word occult, which simply means hidden. In the same way that the night hides and obscures, occult wisdom is hidden from those without the awareness to comprehend it. Witches are the hidden ones. They do not fear the night, for they wear it as a cloak. Witches have long been associated with the night, as they themselves are creatures of the night.

The night is a conscious force with it’s own tangible energy. The darkness of Night is the realm of potentiality, the nothingness from which all things emerge. All things are birthed out of darkness, from the plants that rise from beneath the earth to the child that emerges from the darkness of the womb. To tap into this force, simply wait until the midnight hour has passed and turn off all lights. The only light should come from natural sources, such as moonlight or candlelight. Open a window, close your eyes and take several deep breaths until you reach a meditative state. Isolate that sound of night-time stillness. This can be difficult to do if you live in a metropolitan area, with constant sirens, car horns and people shouting in the street. If this is the case, treat it as an exercise in concentration and focus. If you live in a rural or wooded area, it will be much easier. Tap into the indefinable energy of the night.

When we look up into the night sky and gaze upon the moon goddess in all of her fullness, we can feel a sense of nurturing and maternal love. Old witchcraft lore tells us that the moon has a strong link with the spirits of the dead. Communication with the spirit world can take place with much less restriction during the late night hours. Those who interact with spirit guides and the departed dead find that their communications are much clearer and easier to interpret during the dark of the night. Divination tools such as the tarot and the crystal ball seem to be particularly enhanced in the night-time hours.

The Witch and the Liminal

Many modern witches seem to have forgotten that we are meant to “walk between the worlds” of the seen and the unseen, the living and the dead, the magical and the mundane. A witch of the Old Ways communes with many spirits, not only of the departed dead, but also the spirits of plants, stones, trees, bodies of water, animals and planetary forces. Like the Long Man of Wilmington, we stand in the doorway that separates this world and the Otherworld.

Long Man of Wilmington, East Sussex, England

The Witch and Blood, Bone and Shadow

A truly powerful witch does not shy away from the use of blood (usually their own) in rituals and spells. Our blood contains the essence of our ancestors. Blackthorn Witches place three drops of their own blood into their wands. This infuses the wand with their life force and forges a stronger bond. Blood is a powerful addition to spells. There is nothing evil or malevolent about using blood in witchcraft. It produces quick results and connects us to those who came before us. Many witches also frequently use bones, particularly animal bones and skulls. This helps us connect with animal guides and partake of their wisdom. Many will also use artificial human skulls as a tool to contact the dead, as bones contain ancestral DNA. Working with ‘shadow’ in witchcraft not only refers to the Shadow Self, those things we keep hidden from others, but also to the retrieval of hidden wisdom. The late Raven Grimassi has written some very informative works on this topic. Blood, Bone and Shadow are also linked to three colors of traditional witchcraft: Red, White and Black. You may have seen traditional witches wearing cords made from these colors. Red is linked to Blood, White to Bone and Black to Shadow.

Re-Awakening The Witch

These concepts and ideas are not often seen in the lives of many so-called “modern” witches, those who view witchcraft as a hobby or something fun to do on the weekend. Witchcraft is not all love and light, incense and candles. Those who choose to call themselves “witch” must also embrace the necessary darkness that it holds. It is equally important that others see us not only as someone who can help them, but also someone who is not to be provoked without consequence. The time has come to re-awaken the witch and return to the Old Ways.

The Witch’s Book of Shadows

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The ‘Book of Shadows’ is shrouded in mystery and mysticism. Nearly every Witch has one, and while many may look similar on the outside, the contents therein are unique and individual to the Witch who owns it. Some say the Book of Shadows is a product of modern Wicca, however there are mentions of handwritten books kept by Witches as far back as the 17th century. There is also some confusion as to the difference between a Book of Shadows and a Grimoire. Many use the two words interchangeably, but there is a slight difference.

A Grimoire is a book (or portion thereof) that contains only spells and rituals. Many Witches have a Grimoire contained within their Book of Shadows. For most modern Witches, when we speak of a Book of Shadows, it is usually assumed that it contains a Grimoire. In my own Book of Shadows, I do have spells and rituals recorded, but they are not kept in a special section labeled “Grimoire”. They are interspersed throughout the book, with other information. There is no hard and fast rule about where to put things, although I prefer to record the herbs and plants all together at the end of the book, which makes them easier to find.

A Book of Shadows may contain a Grimoire, but it can also have other information. Herbs, correspondences, magical studies, meditations, drawings, symbols, lore and legends, personal observations, divination tips or any other info that the Witch has found personally useful in their own practice can be documented in a Book of Shadows.

So where does one find a Book of Shadows? Some simply use a special journal or a notebook, while others have large, elaborate tri-fold books that have 1,000 pages and weigh a ton. There are a few websites where you can purchase handmade Books of Shadows, but they are priced in the hundreds of dollars and take months to produce. If you are willing to invest the money and time, go for it. Or, you can use something a bit smaller, less expensive and more practical. It’s really up to you what you want to use, but I will offer a few suggestions. You may go through several, as I did, before you find the one you really like.

The magical journals of Old World witches were hand-written on parchment paper, using special inks and writing instruments, such as a feather quill. Dragon’s Blood Ink or India Ink are popular choices, as they take longer to break down. On the other hand, if something else works better for you, (or is more affordable), then use it. Some hardcore traditionalists would cringe at the thought of using colored pencils, stencils or rub-ons in their Book of Shadows, but I use them frequently.

Suggestions:

  • Look for something that fits your personality. Many seem to want something they have seen in movies or on TV, such as the Charmed Book of Shadows. Don’t fall into the pop culture trap. Find something that represents you.
  • Simple is often best. Instead of going for a mass-produced Book of Shadows covered with symbols or drawings, find something with a blank cover that you can personalize and decorate yourself. I prefer to leave my cover unadorned.
  • Don’t get something too small. Journals and notebooks are great, but eventually they will be full and you’ll have to start another one. I recommend looking at artist sketchbooks in hardcover. You can find them in larger sizes with 200+ pages and they are made specifically for those who paint or draw. There are also some gorgeous leather-bound books of parchment paper, which is what I use. Check your local art stores or look online to get a better variety. Consider your Book of Shadows a sacred object. The contents within are for your eyes only, hidden from public view and away from prying eyes. When not in use, keep it wrapped in a natural fiber.

My own Book of Shadows, which I have named Llyfr o Dewiniaeth (Welsh for ‘Book of Magic’) is a large leather-bound book of parchment pages that have been given an antique appearance. I found this on Amazon, of all places. The pages are quite thick and suitable for writing, drawing or even painting on. It is a rare thing for me to share photos of my sacred book of magic, but here you only get to see the first page with it’s name. This book is one of my most prized possessions.

I want to emphasize again about not getting something too small. It is kind of a drag transferring everything from a smaller book into a larger one, and is very time-consuming. The larger ones are more expensive, but are well worth it in the long run. In my own book, I document the spells, rituals and magical information that I use most often, including information from books and teachers that have been most meaningful in my life and personal path. Do not just put random information in your book, but only that which has the most meaning for you and that which you will use on a regular basis. Your Book of Shadows, or whatever you choose to call it, is meant to be personal and an extension of your magical identity.

When Spells Don’t Work

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Magic can be tricky, and there are some things that can make your spells ineffective. Take note of the following list when planning your magical workings.

  • Energy Failure: If energy is not raised properly or is not allowed to reach it’s peak, it is likely your spell will not manifest. Practice different forms of energy raising techniques, such as chanting, dancing or burning parchment with a written intention to discover which works best for you.
  • Doubt: If you do not believe in what you’re doing and you really don’t think it will work, then chances are it will not.
  • Unclear Intention: Know exactly what you want. Be specific. If you are indecisive or unclear, nothing will manifest for you. If you are not specific enough, you may get what you want, but with unpleasant strings attached.
  • Don’t Talk About It: Telling your friends or posting on social media about the spell you cast last night is a sure way of bringing that energy back to you and disabling your spell. Remain silent about your spellcasting. Skeptical friends or outsiders who have negative opinions about spells and magic can bring their harmful energy into the process. Your best bet is to be silent about your magical workings until they have manifested into physical reality.
  • Weak Will: If your will is not strong enough or if you’re really not sure it is what you want, this can also sabotage your spell. Be commanding and know that it is yours.
  • Lack of Follow-Up: If you cast a job spell but you don’t submit any resumes or go on interviews, you can’t expect to get that job. Follow up is important.
  • Scattered Correspondences: If the symbols and energies you use in your spell do not have any association to the outcome, there is a good chance your spell will not manifest. Like attracts like.
  • Mercury Retrograde: It is a matter of debate whether or not it is a good idea to do spellwork while Mercury is in retrograde. A good rule of thumb is, if it bothers you, then don’t do it. If you feel confident enough to cast your spell, and it cannot wait until Mercury goes direct, then cast it. Some practitioners include in their spell “I neutralize the power of Mercury in Retrograde“.
  • Lack of Full Attention: If you are distracted or in a hurry while casting your spell, then it is not likely to have the effects you want. Wait until you can be undisturbed and give the spell all of your attention and focus.
  • Violation of Free Will: This is a rather grey area, as these kinds of spells do work, but with repercussions. Magic that is used to control others or make them do something they would not otherwise do is a dangerous practice. The power of suggestion is real, however, the only way another person can use magic to violate another’s free will is if there is already a weakness or foothold in the area of suggestion. It is very important that those who work with magic constantly examine themselves, We must discipline our minds and work to take control of our fears, anxieties and passions. It is not an easy task.
  • Moon Phases and Planetary Energies: These can work against you if your spell is cast during unfavorable times. Be aware of current moon phases and planetary hours to get more power behind your spells.
  • True Will and the Plan of the Universe: There are times when we may cast a spell that is not for our highest good, and does not fit within the plan of the universe. There may in fact be something even better for us on the horizon, and a particular spell may not be aligned with our true will. It is important to include in our spells an intention of “for the highest good” and an outcome that is “perfect and correct”. It is equally important to focus on the outcome of your spell and not on how it manifests.

The casting of spells is an art and a science. There are many factors that come into play. This is not an exhaustive list of things that can wreck your spell, but they are some important ones. Plan your spells carefully.

Benefits of a Structured Practice

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I have encountered many pagans who have a practice that seems rather chaotic and random, with no rhyme or reason, and approach it with a sort of casual “whatever I feel like today” attitude. There is no discipline or consistency to their practice. Many become “Eclectic” witches, because they don’t want to be limited to one particular system or pantheon. This buffet-style paganism seems to work for some, but leaves others feeling their energies scattered and ungrounded.

My practice has remained largely unchanged for the last ten years, but it is still just as vibrant and alive as ever, because it is based on connection and relationship. While it is very structured, it still allows room for growth. I will share my practice with you, and give suggestions on how to develop your own. In the meantime, consider the following:

  • What deity figures, gods and goddesses do you feel the strongest connection with?
  • Which crystals and stones do you use most often?
  • What flowers, herbs and plants, if any, are the most important to your personal practice?
  • Consider your magical skills. Perhaps you’re a tarot reader or a Reiki practitioner. Would you like to develop these skills further?

Below is a brief outline of my yearly practice. You will see that even though it has organization and structure, there is room for growth and versatility. I have strong connections to the Celtic current and it’s magical systems, so this is what I work with exclusively. You may choose to work with others of your choice. I present this only as an example, so that you can use it as a template for your own personal practice.

January

  • Deity: Cu Chulainn
  • Plant: Valerian
  • Stone: Citrine
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Full Moon and New Moon
  • Reading and Study
  • Meditation

February

  • Deity: Brigid
  • Plant: Hyssop
  • Stone: Rose Quartz
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Imbolc, Full Moon/New Moon
  • Make Brigid’s Cross for altar
  • Reading and Study (Tending Brigid’s Flame by Lunaea Weatherstone)
  • Meditation

March

  • Deities: Cerridwen and Taliesin
  • Plant: Blackthorn
  • Stone: Green Aventurine
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Spring Equinox, Full Moon/New Moon
  • Crafting and Consecrating a New Wand
  • Reading and Study (Mabinogion, Cerridwen by Kristoffer Hughes)
  • Meditation

April

  • Deities: Dian Cehct and Airmid
  • Plant: Mandrake
  • Stone: Moonstone
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Full Moon/New Moon
  • Reading and Study
  • Meditation

May

  • Deity: Cernunnos/Herne/Green Man
  • Plant: Sage
  • Stone: Clear Quartz
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Beltane, Full Moon/New Moon
  • Make a new batch of Personal Oil
  • Reading and Study (Three Cauldrons of Poesy)
  • Meditation

June

  • Deity: Manaanan Mac Lir
  • Plant: Lavender
  • Stone: Amethyst
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Summer Solstice, Full Moon/New Moon
  • Visit to Peace Valley Lavender Farm
  • Make a new Crane Bag
  • Astral Projection/Psychic Travel Exercise
  • Reading and Study
  • Meditation

July

  • Deity: Rhiannon
  • Plant: Marigold
  • Stone: Lapis Lazuli
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Full Moon/New Moon
  • Reading and Study (The Song of Amergin)
  • Meditation

August

  • Deity: Lugh
  • Plant: Yarrow
  • Stone: Tree Agate
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Lughnasadh, Full Moon/New Moon
  • Re-dedicate skills and abilities to Cerridwen and Community
  • Craft new Protection Amulets and Talismans
  • Dragon Magic
  • Reading and Study
  • Meditation

September

  • Deity: Mabon
  • Plant: Cinquefoil
  • Stone: Selenite
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Autumn Equinox, Full Moon/New Moon
  • Reading and Study (Mabon story from The Mabinogion)
  • Meditation

October

  • Deity: Morrigan
  • Plant: Wormwood
  • Stone: Black Obsidian
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Samhain, Full Moon/New Moon
  • Craft a new Ancestor Bottle
  • Craft a new batch of Ancestor Incense
  • Reading and Study (Celtic Lore and Spellcraft of the Dark Goddess, by Stephanie Woodfield)
  • Meditation

November

  • Deity: Dagda
  • Plant: Mugwort
  • Stone: Hematite
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Full Moon/New Moon
  • Reading and Study
  • Meditations

December

  • Deity: Cailleach
  • Plant: Mistletoe
  • Stone: Snowflake Obsidian
  • Weekly Divinations
  • Rituals: Winter Solstice, Full Moon/New Moon
  • Craft a new Silver Branch
  • Reading and Study
  • Meditations

This is not an exhaustive list of everything I do each month, there are other more specific things I could have added, but I did not want to make it too confusing. As you can see, there is room to be flexible on various things, such as study material or forms of divination. I typically use tarot, oracles, pendulum and crystal ball. I practice various forms of meditation, including chant and creative visualization. There are certain things I do at specific times of the year, such as wand making in the spring and protection talismans in the summer. Add practices that are meaningful to you in your own yearly devotionals.

By working with the same deities, plants and stones on a consistent basis, you develop a stronger connection to them. You can use this same format to choose which of these you will focus on each month. Many people have one specific deity they are closest to, and for me that is Cerridwen. I acknowledge her in all of my rituals and her statue is on my altar year round, but there are other deities I draw near to each month as well. It is my hope that sharing my yearly practice will help others develop their own. You will find that a structured practice such as this will be more meaningful than one that is scattered and disorganized. After all, you will be working with the deities, plants and stones that you have the strongest connection to, and learning more about them each month. Discipline and consistency are key elements to developing strong relationships with our magical allies.