The Cailleach, a Scottish deity, is depicted as an old woman dressed in heavy grey plaid and carrying a blackthorn staff. She has blue skin and long white hair, and is sometimes described as having only one eye. She is the personification of Winter. In her legends, she herds deer, she fights the coming of Spring, and her blackthorn staff freezes the ground. She also has a few connections to the Irish goddess Brigid. Some interpretations say that the Cailleach turns to stone on Beltane and then reverts back to human form at Samhain. Similar to the Oak King and Holly King lore, the Cailleach is believed to rule the dark half of the year between Samhain and Beltane. Brigid takes possession of the blackthorn staff at Beltane and rules the light half of the year until Samhain, at which time the staff is returned to the Cailleach. The Festival of Brigid is also the day the Cailleach gathers her firewood for the rest of the winter. Legend has it that if she intends to make the winter last longer, she will make sure the weather on February 1st is sunny and warm, so she can gather plenty of firewood to keep herself warm in the coming months. As a result, people are generally relieved if the Festival of Brigid is a day of foul weather, as it means the Cailleach is asleep, will soon run out of firewood, and therefore winter is almost over. Early writings indicate that there may have existed a priest/esshood of the Cailleach, with followers who were solely dedicated to her. The Cailleach is known as the Crone of Winter, Lady of the Beasts, and the Seer and Foreteller of Doom. The word Cailleach also means “Witch” and “Screech Owl”.

In the tales of the Cailleach, there are some common themes:

• She shapes the land.
• She is associated with water, particularly wells, lakes and rivers.
• She is the personification of Winter.
• She manifests her presence in blizzards and winter storms.
• She is ancient.
• She is a guardian of animals, especially deer.
• She can shape-shift into various forms, including maiden, heron and rock.
• She can control the elements.
• She can charm animals with her songs.

During the winter months, and particularly before the approach of snowstorm, offerings can be left out for the Cailleach. These can be stones such as clear quartz and amethyst, feathers, sweets, nuts and fruit.